The problem is that I’m making an electronic journal, ratings with full name are taken from the MYSQL database, and inside the code I have filtering in ascending alphabetical order. And if, let’s say, one person has a rating and after filtering he changes the position, then the rating remains where the name should have been before filtering.
Code:

unit Unit2;

interface

uses
  Winapi.Windows, Winapi.Messages, System.SysUtils, System.Classes, Vcl.Forms, Vcl.Grids, Vcl.StdCtrls,
  System.IOUtils, Vcl.Controls, Data.DB, Data.Win.ADODB, Vcl.Dialogs, ActiveX, ComObj, Unit5;

type
  TForm2 = class(TForm)
    StringGrid1: TStringGrid;
    Button1: TButton;
    Button2: TButton;
    Button3: TButton;
    ADOConnection1: TADOConnection;
    ADOQuery1: TADOQuery;
    ADOQuery2: TADOQuery;
    procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
    procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
    procedure Button2Click(Sender: TObject);
    procedure Button3Click(Sender: TObject);
    procedure LoadNamesFromDatabase;
    procedure LoadDatesFromDatabase;
    procedure LoadGradesFromDatabase;
  private
    a: Integer;
    procedure AddRowsIfNeeded(const RowCount: Integer);
    procedure SaveGradeToDatabase(const ADate: TDateTime; const Grade: Integer);
    procedure SaveDateToDatabase(const ADate: TDateTime);
    procedure CreateTablesIfNeeded;
  public
    { Public declarations }
  end;

var
  Form2: TForm2;

implementation

{$R *.dfm}

procedure TForm2.LoadNamesFromDatabase;
var
  I: Integer;
begin
  ADOQuery2.SQL.Text := 'SELECT fio FROM students ORDER BY fio';
  ADOQuery2.Open;
  if not ADOQuery2.IsEmpty then
  begin
    try
      StringGrid1.RowCount := ADOQuery2.RecordCount + 1;
      StringGrid1.FixedRows := 1;

      I := 1;
      while not ADOQuery2.Eof do
      begin
        StringGrid1.Cells[0, I] := ADOQuery2.FieldByName('fio').AsString;
        Inc(I);
        ADOQuery2.Next;
      end;
    finally
      ADOQuery2.Close;
    end;
  end;
end;

procedure TForm2.Button2Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
  Form5.Show;
end;

procedure TForm2.Button3Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
  SaveGradeToDatabase(Now, StrToInt(StringGrid1.Cells[a - 1, 1]));
  ADOConnection1.Connected := True;
end;

procedure TForm2.CreateTablesIfNeeded;
var
  Query: TADOQuery;
begin
  Query := TADOQuery.Create(nil);
  try
    Query.Connection := ADOConnection1;
    Query.SQL.Text :=
      'CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS predmets (' +
      '  id INTEGER,' +
      '  name VARCHAR(255)' +
      ');';
    Query.ExecSQL;

    Query.SQL.Text :=
      'CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS lections (' +
      '  id INTEGER,' +
      '  id_predmets INTEGER,' +
      '  date_l DATE' +
      ');';
    Query.ExecSQL;

    Query.SQL.Text :=
      'CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS students (' +
      '  id INTEGER,' +
      '  fio VARCHAR(255)' +
      ');';
    Query.ExecSQL;

    Query.SQL.Text :=
      'CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS works (' +
      '  id INTEGER,' +
      '  ball INTEGER,' +
      '  id_lection INTEGER,' +
      '  id_student INTEGER' +
      ');';
    Query.ExecSQL;
  finally
    Query.Free;
  end;
end;

procedure TForm2.SaveGradeToDatabase(const ADate: TDateTime; const Grade: Integer);
var
  DateId: Integer;
begin
  ADOQuery1.SQL.Text := 'SELECT id FROM dates WHERE ddate = :DateValue';
  ADOQuery1.Parameters.ParamByName('DateValue').Value := DateToStr(ADate);
  ADOQuery1.Open;
  try
    if not ADOQuery1.IsEmpty then
    begin
      DateId := ADOQuery1.FieldByName('id').AsInteger;
      ADOQuery1.SQL.Text := 'INSERT INTO math (date_id, grade) VALUES (:DateId, :Grade)';
      ADOQuery1.Parameters.ParamByName('DateId').Value := DateId;
      ADOQuery1.Parameters.ParamByName('Grade').Value := Grade;
      ADOQuery1.ExecSQL;
    end;
  finally
    ADOQuery1.Close;
  end;
end;

procedure TForm2.SaveDateToDatabase(const ADate: TDateTime);
begin
  ADOQuery1.SQL.Text := 'INSERT INTO dates (ddate) VALUES (:DateValue)';
  ADOQuery1.Parameters.ParamByName('DateValue').Value := DateToStr(ADate);
  ADOQuery1.ExecSQL;
end;

procedure TForm2.AddRowsIfNeeded(const RowCount: Integer);
begin
  if StringGrid1.RowCount <= RowCount then
    StringGrid1.RowCount := RowCount + 5;
end;

procedure TForm2.LoadGradesFromDatabase;
var
  I, J: Integer;
  dateIndex: Integer;
begin
  ADOQuery1.SQL.Text :=
    'SELECT works.id_student, works.ball, lections.date_l ' +
    'FROM works ' +
    'INNER JOIN lections ON lections.id = works.id_lection ' +
    'INNER JOIN students ON students.id = works.id_student ' +
    'WHERE lections.id_predmets = (SELECT id FROM predmets WHERE name = ''math'') ' +
    'ORDER BY lections.date_l, students.fio';
  ADOQuery1.Open;

  if not ADOQuery1.IsEmpty then
  begin
    try
      dateIndex := 0;

      while not ADOQuery1.Eof do
      begin
        I := StringGrid1.Rows[0].IndexOf(ADOQuery1.FieldByName('students.fio').AsString);
        J := StringGrid1.Cols[0].IndexOf(ADOQuery1.FieldByName('date_l').AsString);

        if J = -1 then
        begin
          J := StringGrid1.ColCount;
          StringGrid1.Cells[J, 0] := ADOQuery1.FieldByName('date_l').AsString;
          StringGrid1.ColCount := J + 1;
        end;

        StringGrid1.Cells[J, I] := ADOQuery1.FieldByName('ball').AsString;

        ADOQuery1.Next;
      end;
    finally
      ADOQuery1.Close;
    end;
  end;
end;

procedure TForm2.LoadDatesFromDatabase;
var
  I: Integer;
begin
  ADOQuery1.SQL.Text :=
    'SELECT lections.date_l ' +
    'FROM lections ' +
    'INNER JOIN predmets ON predmets.id = lections.id_predmets ' +
    'WHERE predmets.name = "math" ' +
    'ORDER BY lections.date_l';
  ADOQuery1.Open;
  if not ADOQuery1.IsEmpty then
  begin
    try
      I := 1;
      while not ADOQuery1.Eof do
      begin
        StringGrid1.Cells[I, 0] := FormatDateTime('dd.mm.yyyy', ADOQuery1.FieldByName('date_l').AsDateTime);
        Inc(I);
        ADOQuery1.Next;
      end;
    finally
      ADOQuery1.Close;
    end;
  end;
end;

procedure TForm2.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
var
  Grade: Integer;
  CurrentDate: TDateTime;
  DateStr: string;
begin
  DateStr := InputBox('Enter Date', 'Enter the date (dd.mm.yyyy):', '');
  if TryStrToDate(DateStr, CurrentDate) then
  begin
    Grade := StrToInt(InputBox('Enter Grade', 'Enter the grade for the current date:', ''));
    if Grade >= 0 then
    begin
      SaveDateToDatabase(CurrentDate);
      StringGrid1.Cells[a, 0] := DateStr;
      StringGrid1.Cells[a, 1] := IntToStr(Grade);
      Inc(a);
      StringGrid1.ColCount := a + 1;
      AddRowsIfNeeded(a);
      SaveGradeToDatabase(CurrentDate, Grade);
    end;
  end
  else
    ShowMessage('Invalid date format. Please enter the date in dd.mm.yyyy format.');

  LoadGradesFromDatabase;
  LoadDatesFromDatabase;
  LoadNamesFromDatabase;
end;

procedure TForm2.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
var
  Today: TDateTime;
begin
  a := 1;
  CreateTablesIfNeeded;
  LoadGradesFromDatabase;
  LoadDatesFromDatabase;

  Today := Now;
  LoadNamesFromDatabase;
  AddRowsIfNeeded(a);
end;

end.

I tried different options, such as changing the structure of the database, or moving the ratings at the same time with filtering, but it turned out terrible