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How to check (mathematically explain) mean and variance for simulated INID (independent but not identically distributed) Bernoulli random numbers?

$begingroup$ This question was migrated from Stack Overflow because it can be answered on Cross Validated. Migrated 13 mins ago. For IID (independent and identically distributed) Bernoulli random numbers, we can simply run, say in R, as ### IID: xi ~ b(1,p), i=1,2,…,n ### try: simply p=1/2 ; or p=e/Π≈0.865256 # n=100000; set.seed(0); p=1/2; x=rbinom(n,size=1,prob=p); […]

How to check (mathematically explain) mean and variance for simulated INID (independent but not identically distributed) Bernoulli random numbers?

$begingroup$ This question was migrated from Stack Overflow because it can be answered on Cross Validated. Migrated 13 mins ago. For IID (independent and identically distributed) Bernoulli random numbers, we can simply run, say in R, as ### IID: xi ~ b(1,p), i=1,2,…,n ### try: simply p=1/2 ; or p=e/Π≈0.865256 # n=100000; set.seed(0); p=1/2; x=rbinom(n,size=1,prob=p); […]

How to check (mathematically explain) mean and variance for simulated INID (independent but not identically distributed) Bernoulli random numbers?

$begingroup$ This question was migrated from Stack Overflow because it can be answered on Cross Validated. Migrated 11 mins ago. For IID (independent and identically distributed) Bernoulli random numbers, we can simply run, say in R, as ### IID: xi ~ b(1,p), i=1,2,…,n ### try: simply p=1/2 ; or p=e/Π≈0.865256 # n=100000; set.seed(0); p=1/2; x=rbinom(n,size=1,prob=p); […]

How can I remove the letter “e” from my integer data in Rstudio matrix?

I used read.csv to import a data file into Rstudio. When I open the CSV in notepad, it is fully numeric with no “e” in the data (confirmed by using control F). However, when I open the csv in R some of the zeroes have “E” as part of scientific notation. This means I cant do anything with the data, I keep getting errors that there are characters in it, such as the following:

How can I remove the letter “e” from my integer data in Rstudio matrix?

I used read.csv to import a data file into Rstudio. When I open the CSV in notepad, it is fully numeric with no “e” in the data (confirmed by using control F). However, when I open the csv in R some of the zeroes have “E” as part of scientific notation. This means I cant do anything with the data, I keep getting errors that there are characters in it, such as the following:

How can I remove the letter “e” from my integer data in Rstudio matrix?

I used read.csv to import a data file into Rstudio. When I open the CSV in notepad, it is fully numeric with no “e” in the data (confirmed by using control F). However, when I open the csv in R some of the zeroes have “E” as part of scientific notation. This means I cant do anything with the data, I keep getting errors that there are characters in it, such as the following:

ks::Hpi R function returns extreme bandwidth values

I am conducting a complex analysis in R involving the phylogeographic reconstruction of a disease dynamic over time and space. As part of the process, I use the spreadGraphic2 function from the seraphim package to reconstruct spatial polygons for visualization. However, I’ve encountered an issue with this function.

ks::Hpi R function returns extreme bandwidth values

I am conducting a complex analysis in R involving the phylogeographic reconstruction of a disease dynamic over time and space. As part of the process, I use the spreadGraphic2 function from the seraphim package to reconstruct spatial polygons for visualization. However, I’ve encountered an issue with this function.