i am having a strange problem for C++ multithreaded programs.
i wrote the first code and was not seeing any performance improvement over single threaded code.
i kept on experimenting with shifting the variables in the functions and the second code took almost half the time of first code.

Frankly speaking, the concepts of effective types and strict aliasing in the C11 standard are quite a headache for me to read.Now, I have some of my own understanding of the concept of effective types, and at the same time, I also have some doubts.
The C11 standard introduces effective types as follows. I will extract some key sentences from it and divide them into multiple paragraphs to facilitate raising my questions later:(Perhaps my question is very long. I would be very grateful if you could finish reading it.)
6.5 p6:

My compiler considers this as a function declaration:

As is well known, the sentence:

I need some help. I’m struggling with learning C++ i’m learning from the book “C++ Primer 5th edition (i’m french native).” I have no programming background and I’m currently at the section on vectors. I understand the basics of C++ (data types, loops, if-else statements, switch, etc.), but when I try to solve a problem, I can’t break it down correctly most of the time even smallest problem. I feel overwhelmed and my mind goes blank.

In the C11 standard, there is such a passage:

When used std::bind, I found & is necessary to get the address of member functions, while isn’t necessary for regular functions, for example:

#include <iostream> #include <string> #include <vector> #include <cctype> using std::cout; using std::cin; using std::string; using std::vector; class Account { private: string name, password; double balance; int account; public: Account(string accountName, string password, double initialBalance, int accountNumber) : name(accountName), password(password), balance(initialBalance), account(accountNumber) {} void deposit(double amount) { if (amount > 0) { balance += amount; cout […]

#include <iostream> #include <string> #include <vector> #include <cctype> using std::cout; using std::cin; using std::string; using std::vector; class Account { private: string name, password; double balance; int account; public: Account(string accountName, string password, double initialBalance, int accountNumber) : name(accountName), password(password), balance(initialBalance), account(accountNumber) {} void deposit(double amount) { if (amount > 0) { balance += amount; cout […]

My codes are as below: