What technology/algorithm should be used to abstract meaning or keywords from a passage of text?

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Understanding comparison using Big O notation

I was going through this heavily discussed and highly voted question on SO and stumbled across one comment that got 5 upvotes.

Strategy/algorithm to divide pot to chips

I want to split poker pot to chips.

Algorithm for appointment reminders

My program allows users to store appointments in a calendar. What has been requested of me is the ability for SMS reminders to be sent to people to remind them of their appointment. The SMS would need to be sent out about 2 days prior to their appointment.

Please explain the statement that the function an+b belongs to O(n^2) and Θ(n)?

Let’s say I have a linear function f(n)= an+b, what is the best way to prove that this function belongs to O(n²) and Θ(n)?

Am I right about the differences between Floyd-Warshall, Dijkstra’s and Bellman-Ford algorithms?

I’ve been studying the three and I’m stating my inferences from them below. Could someone tell me if I have understood them accurately enough or not? Thank you.

What does it mean when we say that some function is polynomially bigger/smaller than some other function?

I was going over this video lecture on master theorem from Introduction to Algorithm and while explaining case A of the master theorem professor says that some function f(n) is polynomially smaller than some other function at point 53:08 seconds:

Allocation problem identification

I have a matrix. I have a list of people who have to occupy n1,n2,n3 etc cells, different number of cells in different rows. I have to place the people in the cells. Occupying the same cell across rows is considered overlap. Overlap has to be minimized.

Efficient Summary calculation method or approach?

I have an object hierarchy with a number of leaf nodes that will contribute to summary values for the parent object (specifically: project cost and square footage).

Generating different combinations from a list of muscles

Suppose we have a model of a human muscular system containing the following muscles each within a specific muscle group: