I’m in the process of trying to provision a nordic semiconductors device, specifically the Thingy 91, to use nRF Cloud services. In order to do the Just-In-Time provisioning I need to generate my device credentials which involved grabbing the private key and associated CSR for my device through the terminal as a CBOR object. I’m currently having difficulties trying to convert this object to a CSR using the modem_credentials_parser.py script.

So where my issues begin:
When I initially tried to use this script I got back the message

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "Z:modem_credentials_parser.py", line 11, in <module>
    from cbor2 import loads
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'cbor2'

I then tried to install cbor2 through pip install cbor2 which is where I get this warning a few times before an error

  WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self-signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1006)'))': /packages/97/1f/d019205dd6435e4236d9f3f35db43a67be0f4d7cc96c77cf3f7ad76ad2d8/cbor2-5.6.4-py3-none-any.whl.metadata
  WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=3, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self-signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1006)'))': /packages/97/1f/d019205dd6435e4236d9f3f35db43a67be0f4d7cc96c77cf3f7ad76ad2d8/cbor2-5.6.4-py3-none-any.whl.metadata
  WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=2, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self-signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1006)'))': /packages/97/1f/d019205dd6435e4236d9f3f35db43a67be0f4d7cc96c77cf3f7ad76ad2d8/cbor2-5.6.4-py3-none-any.whl.metadata
  WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=1, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self-signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1006)'))': /packages/97/1f/d019205dd6435e4236d9f3f35db43a67be0f4d7cc96c77cf3f7ad76ad2d8/cbor2-5.6.4-py3-none-any.whl.metadata
ERROR: Operation cancelled by user

underneath I get the notice to update to a new release of pip so I do have pip downloaded and it’s PATH is added to my system environmental variables

[notice] A new release of pip is available: 24.0 -> 24.1.2
[notice] To update, run: python.exe -m pip install --upgrade pip

If I try to update to the new release I get the same warning and finally the error

 WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self-signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1006)'))': /packages/e7/54/0c1c068542cee73d8863336e974fc881e608d0170f3af15d0c0f28644531/pip-24.1.2-py3-none-any.whl.metadata
  WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=3, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self-signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1006)'))': /packages/e7/54/0c1c068542cee73d8863336e974fc881e608d0170f3af15d0c0f28644531/pip-24.1.2-py3-none-any.whl.metadata
  WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=2, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self-signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1006)'))': /packages/e7/54/0c1c068542cee73d8863336e974fc881e608d0170f3af15d0c0f28644531/pip-24.1.2-py3-none-any.whl.metadata
  WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=1, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self-signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1006)'))': /packages/e7/54/0c1c068542cee73d8863336e974fc881e608d0170f3af15d0c0f28644531/pip-24.1.2-py3-none-any.whl.metadata
  WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self-signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1006)'))': /packages/e7/54/0c1c068542cee73d8863336e974fc881e608d0170f3af15d0c0f28644531/pip-24.1.2-py3-none-any.whl.metadata
ERROR: Could not install packages due to an OSError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /packages/e7/54/0c1c068542cee73d8863336e974fc881e608d0170f3af15d0c0f28644531/pip-24.1.2-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self-signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1006)')))

So at this point I’m pretty stuck on where to go because I initially based on my errors and other people’s posts thought I had an issue downloading pip but that seems to be fine on my machine after following Method 1 of this tutorial https://phoenixnap.com/kb/install-pip-windows and things seemed to be running smoothly.

I’m not sure what else I need to fix. Any help would be greatly appreciated!

EDIT:

After being able to configure pip to the CA certificate associated with my place of work I was able to create a virtual environment and update pip to the latest version without throwing an SSL error. I’ve added this new environment to my PATH and then tried to install my requirements.txt file in order to use the python script associated with my initial task ;-;

When I enter pip install -r requirements.txt I get the following error:

    Looking in indexes: https://artifactory.arl.psu.edu/artifactory/api/pypi/pypi/simple Collecting auto_mix_prep>=0.2.0 (from -r requirements.txt (line 1))   Using cached https://artifactory.arl.psu.edu/artifactory/api/pypi/pypi/packages/packages/53/8d/94fade74736b4e94dd8dd45c2a2d12fc4863f3ffe8decc26abc7353be21d/auto-mix-prep-0.2.0.tar.gz (2.9 kB)   Installing build dependencies ... done   Getting requirements to build wheel ... done   Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done Collecting cbor2>=5.4.2.post1 (from -r requirements.txt (line 2))   Using cached https://artifactory.arl.psu.edu/artifactory/api/pypi/pypi/packages/packages/97/1f/d019205dd6435e4236d9f3f35db43a67be0f4d7cc96c77cf3f7ad76ad2d8/cbor2-5.6.4-py3-none-any.whl (23 kB) Collecting colorama>=0.4.4 (from -r requirements.txt (line 3)) Using cached https://artifactory.arl.psu.edu/artifactory/api/pypi/pypi/packages/packages/d1/d6/3965ed04c63042e047cb6a3e6ed1a63a35087b6a609aa3a15ed8ac56c221/colorama-0.4.6-py2.py3-none-any.whl (25 kB) Collecting cryptography>=36.0.1 (from -r requirements.txt (line 4))   Using cached https://artifactory.arl.psu.edu/artifactory/api/pypi/pypi/packages/packages/93/a7/1498799a2ea06148463a9a2c10ab2f6a921a74fb19e231b27dc412a748e2/cryptography-42.0.8.tar.gz (671 kB)   Installing build dependencies ... error   error: subprocess-exited-with-error
    
      × pip subprocess to install build dependencies did not run successfully.   │ exit code: 1   ╰─> [86 lines of output]
          Looking in indexes: https://artifactory.arl.psu.edu/artifactory/api/pypi/pypi/simple
          Collecting setuptools>=61.0.0
            Using cached https://artifactory.arl.psu.edu/artifactory/api/pypi/pypi/packages/packages/32/10/e72bb221cdd2f11e649cf38bd7ba8ea6d527c77f330366e10ae9bb798730/setuptools-71.0.3-py3-none-any.whl (2.3 MB)
          Collecting wheel
            Using cached https://artifactory.arl.psu.edu/artifactory/api/pypi/pypi/packages/packages/7d/cd/d7460c9a869b16c3dd4e1e403cce337df165368c71d6af229a74699622ce/wheel-0.43.0-py3-none-any.whl (65 kB)
          Collecting cffi>=1.12
            Using cached https://artifactory.arl.psu.edu/artifactory/api/pypi/pypi/packages/packages/68/ce/95b0bae7968c65473e1298efb042e10cafc7bafc14d9e4f154008241c91d/cffi-1.16.0.tar.gz (512 kB)
            Installing build dependencies: started
            Installing build dependencies: finished with status 'done'
            Getting requirements to build wheel: started
            Getting requirements to build wheel: finished with status 'done'
            Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml): started
            Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml): finished with status 'done'
          Collecting setuptools-rust>=1.7.0
            Using cached https://artifactory.arl.psu.edu/artifactory/api/pypi/pypi/packages/packages/f7/7f/8b1c33598b03ad612b8ced223f9ca54076b789fabf5a66ce37cc096d9cf7/setuptools_rust-1.9.0-py3-none-any.whl (26 kB)
          Collecting pycparser (from cffi>=1.12)
            Using cached https://artifactory.arl.psu.edu/artifactory/api/pypi/pypi/packages/packages/13/a3/a812df4e2dd5696d1f351d58b8fe16a405b234ad2886a0dab9183fb78109/pycparser-2.22-py3-none-any.whl (117 kB)
          Collecting semantic-version<3,>=2.8.2 (from setuptools-rust>=1.7.0)
            Using cached https://artifactory.arl.psu.edu/artifactory/api/pypi/pypi/packages/packages/6a/23/8146aad7d88f4fcb3a6218f41a60f6c2d4e3a72de72da1825dc7c8f7877c/semantic_version-2.10.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (15 kB)
          Building wheels for collected packages: cffi
            Building wheel for cffi (pyproject.toml): started
            Building wheel for cffi (pyproject.toml): finished with status 'error'
            error: subprocess-exited-with-error
    
            Building wheel for cffi (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.
            exit code: 1
    
            [52 lines of output]
            _configtest.c:2:2: error: #error "not MSVC"
                2 | #error "not MSVC"
                  |  ^~~~~
            Note: will not use '__thread' in the C code
            ***** The above error message can be safely ignored.
    
            running bdist_wheel
            running build
            running build_py
            creating build
            creating buildlib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311
            creating buildlib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311cffi
            copying srccffiapi.py -> buildlib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311cffi
            copying srccffibackend_ctypes.py -> buildlib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311cffi
            copying srccfficffi_opcode.py -> buildlib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311cffi
            copying srccfficommontypes.py -> buildlib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311cffi
            copying srccfficparser.py -> buildlib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311cffi
            copying srccffierror.py -> buildlib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311cffi
            copying srccffiffiplatform.py -> buildlib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311cffi
            copying srccffilock.py -> buildlib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311cffi
            copying srccffimodel.py -> buildlib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311cffi
            copying srccffipkgconfig.py -> buildlib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311cffi
            copying srccffirecompiler.py -> buildlib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311cffi
            copying srccffisetuptools_ext.py -> buildlib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311cffi
            copying srccffivengine_cpy.py -> buildlib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311cffi
            copying srccffivengine_gen.py -> buildlib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311cffi
            copying srccffiverifier.py -> buildlib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311cffi
            copying srccffi_imp_emulation.py -> buildlib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311cffi
            copying srccffi_shimmed_dist_utils.py -> buildlib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311cffi
            copying srccffi__init__.py -> buildlib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311cffi
            copying srccffi_cffi_include.h -> buildlib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311cffi
            copying srccffiparse_c_type.h -> buildlib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311cffi
            copying srccffi_embedding.h -> buildlib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311cffi
            copying srccffi_cffi_errors.h -> buildlib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311cffi
            running build_ext
            building '_cffi_backend' extension
            creating buildtemp.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311
            creating buildtemp.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311src
            creating buildtemp.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311srcc
            gcc -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -march=nocona -msahf -mtune=generic -O2 -pipe -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fstack-protector-strong -O3 -march=nocona -msahf -mtune=generic -O2 -pipe -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fstack-protector-strong -O3 -DFFI_BUILDING=1 -IC:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../include -IC:msys64mingw64/include/python3.11 -c src/c/_cffi_backend.c -o buildtemp.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311srcc_cffi_backend.o
            src/c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'b_do_dlopen':
            src/c/_cffi_backend.c:4521:40: error: passing argument 1 of 'PyUnicode_AsWideChar' from incompatible pointer type [-Wincompatible-pointer-types]
             4521 |             sz1 = PyUnicode_AsWideChar((PyUnicodeObject *)filename_unicode,
                  |                                        ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
                  |                                        |
                  |                                        PyUnicodeObject *
            In file included from C:msys64mingw64/include/python3.11/Python.h:51,
                             from src/c/_cffi_backend.c:2:
            C:msys64mingw64/include/python3.11/unicodeobject.h:299:15: note: expected 'PyObject *' {aka 'struct _object *'} but argument is of type 'PyUnicodeObject *'
              299 |     PyObject *unicode,          /* Unicode object */
                  |     ~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~
            error: command 'C:\msys64\mingw64\bin\gcc.EXE' failed with exit code 1
            [end of output]
    
            note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
            ERROR: Failed building wheel for cffi
          Failed to build cffi
          ERROR: ERROR: Failed to build installable wheels for some pyproject.toml based projects (cffi)
          [end of output]
    
      note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip. error: subprocess-exited-with-error
    
    × pip subprocess to install build dependencies did not run successfully. │ exit code: 1 ╰─> See above for output.
    
    note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.

From this I’m pretty sure the actual error I’m facing is

`ERROR: ERROR: Failed to build installable wheels for some pyproject.toml based projects (cffi)`

I’ve gone through some other Stack Overflow posts and either it’s based around linux/ubuntu systems and I’m working with Windows 10 cmd prompt.
I thought I could use the solution from Failed to install Python Cryptography package with PIP and setup.py

where I would install cryptography however, I get thrown the same error as I did when installing my requirements.txt file.

Would love to hear some other suggestions on how to proceed as I am very much new to all of this and learning as I go. Thanks!!